3次元調和振動子/メモ のバックアップソース(No.5)

更新

[[量子力学Ⅰ/3次元調和振動子]]
#mathjax

* $n=2$ の場合 [#a34560b6]

 &math(\varphi_{200}\propto \left(-1+2\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\cos^2\phi\sin^2\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

 &math(\varphi_{020}\propto \left(-1+2\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\sin^2\phi\sin^2\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

 &math(\varphi_{002}\propto \left(-1+2\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\cos^2\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

 &math(\varphi_{110}\propto \left(\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\sin\phi\cos\phi\sin^2\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

 &math(\varphi_{101}\propto \left(\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

 &math(\varphi_{011}\propto \left(\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\cos\phi\sin\theta\cos\theta\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}});

であり、

 &math(Y_0^0\propto 1);

 &math(Y_3^3\propto 3\cos^2\theta-1);

 &math(Y_2^{\pm 1}\propto e^{\pm i\phi}\sin\theta\cos\theta);

 &math(Y_2^{\pm 2}\propto e^{\pm 2i\phi}\sin^2\theta);

であるから、

 &math(
&\varphi_{200}\propto \left\{
2 \sqrt{\pi}\left(-1+\frac{2}{3}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
-\frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2} Y_{2}^{0}
+2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{15}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2} (Y_{2}^{-2}+Y_{2}^{2})
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{020}\propto \left\{
2 \sqrt{\pi}\left(-1+\frac{2}{3}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
-\frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2} Y_{2}^{0}
-2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{15}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2} (Y_{2}^{-2}+Y_{2}^{2})
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{002}\propto \left\{
2 \sqrt{\pi}\left(-1+\frac{2}{3}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
+\frac{8}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2} Y_{2}^{0}
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{110}\propto \left\{
-i 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2}(Y_{2}^{2}-Y_{2}^{-2})
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{101}\propto \left\{
i 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2}(Y_{2}^{-1}+Y_{2}^{1})
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{011}\propto \left\{
2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} \frac{r^2}{r_0^2}(Y_{2}^{-1}-Y_{2}^{1})
\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
);

のように、

 &math(\left(-1+\frac{2}{3}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_{0}^{0});

と、

 &math(\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_{2}^{m});

との線形結合で &math(\varphi_{abc}); を表せる。

これを逆に解けば 
&math(\left(-1+\frac{2}{3}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_{0}^{0});
と、&math(\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_{2}^{m}); とを 
&math(\varphi_{abc}); で表すこともできる。

#collapsible(検算)
 LANG:mathematica
 Y[l_, m_] := SphericalHarmonicY[l, m, \[Theta], \[Phi]]
 -1 + 2 ( \[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2 == 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]] (-1 + (2 \[Xi]^2)/3) Y[0, 0] + 2 Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/15] \[Xi]^2 (Y[2, 2] + Y[2, -2]) - 4/3 Sqrt[\[Pi]/5] \[Xi]^2 Y[2, 0] // FullSimplify
 -1 + 2 ( \[Xi] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2 == 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]] (-1 + (2 \[Xi]^2)/3) Y[0, 0] - 2 Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/15] \[Xi]^2 (Y[2, 2] + Y[2, -2]) - 4/3 Sqrt[\[Pi]/5] \[Xi]^2 Y[2, 0] // FullSimplify
 -1 + 2 ( \[Xi] Cos[\[Theta]])^2 == 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]] (-1 + (2 \[Xi]^2)/3) Y[0, 0] + 8/3 Sqrt[\[Pi]/5] \[Xi]^2 Y[2, 0] // FullSimplify
 Sin[\[Phi]] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]]^2 == -I 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]/30] (Y[2, 2] - Y[2, -2]) // FullSimplify
 Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] Cos[\[Theta]] == I 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]/30] (Y[2, 1] + Y[2, -1]) // FullSimplify
 Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] Cos[\[Theta]] == 2 Sqrt[\[Pi]/30] (-Y[2, 1] + Y[2, -1]) // FullSimplify

&math(
-1+2 (\xi \cos \theta)^2
&=
2 \sqrt{\pi } \left(-1+\frac{2 \xi^2}{3}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
+\frac{8}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \xi^2 Y_{2}^{0}
\\
-1+2 (\xi \sin \phi \sin \theta)^2
&=
2 \sqrt{\pi } \left(-1+\frac{2 \xi^2}{3}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
-\frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \xi^2 Y_{2}^{0}
-2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{15}} \xi^2 (Y_{2}^{-2}+Y_{2}^{2})
\\
-1+2 (\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta)^2
&=
2 \sqrt{\pi } \left(-1+\frac{2 \xi^2}{3}\right) Y_{0}^{0}
-\frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{5}} \xi^2 Y_{2}^{0}
+2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{15}} \xi^2 (Y_{2}^{-2}+Y_{2}^{2})
\\
\sin \phi \cos \phi \sin ^2\theta
&=-i 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} (Y_{2}^{2}-Y_{2}^{-2})
\\
\sin \phi \sin \theta \cos \theta
&=i 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} (Y_{2}^{-1}+Y_{2}^{1})
\\
\cos \phi \sin \theta \cos \theta
&=2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{30}} (Y_{2}^{-1}-Y_{2}^{1})
\\
);

#collapsible
* $n=3$ の場合 [#t68bfc99]

 &math(
&\varphi_{300}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\left\{\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\phi\sin\theta
-\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\phi\sin\theta\right)^3\right\}\\
&\varphi_{030}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\left\{\frac{r}{r_0}\sin\phi\sin\theta
-\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\sin\phi\sin\theta\right)^3\right\}\\
&\varphi_{003}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\left\{\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\theta
-\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\theta\right)^3\right\}\\
&\varphi_{210}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\phi\sin\theta\right)^2\right\}\sin\phi\sin\theta\\
&\varphi_{021}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\sin\phi\sin\theta\right)^2\right\}\cos\theta\\
&\varphi_{102}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\theta\right)^2\right\}\cos\phi\sin\theta\\
&\varphi_{120}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\sin\phi\sin\theta\right)^2\right\}\cos\phi\sin\theta\\
&\varphi_{012}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\theta\right)^2\right\}\sin\phi\sin\theta\\
&\varphi_{201}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\frac{r}{r_0}\left\{1-2\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\cos\phi\sin\theta\right)^2\right\}\cos\theta\\
&\varphi_{111}\propto e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\left(\frac{r}{r_0}\right)^3\cos\phi\sin\theta\sin\phi\sin\theta\cos\theta\\
);

がんばって計算すると、

 &math(
&\varphi_{300}\propto \left\{\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(-Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
+\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^1+Y_3^{-1})
-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^3+Y_3^{-3})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{030}\propto \left\{i\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
+i\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^1+Y_3^{-1})
+i\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^3+Y_3^{-3})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{003}\propto \left\{2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}Y_1^0-\frac{8}{15}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}Y_3^0\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{210}\propto \left\{i\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
+i\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^1+Y_3^{-1})
-i2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^3+Y_3^{-3})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{021}\propto \left\{2\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}Y_1^0
+\frac{4}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}Y_3^0
+2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^2+Y_3^{-2})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{102}\propto \left\{\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(-Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
-\frac{8}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^1+Y_3^{-1})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{120}\propto \left\{\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(-Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
+\frac{2}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^1+Y_3^{-1})
+2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^3+Y_3^{-3})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{012}\propto \left\{i\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}(Y_1^1+Y_1^{-1})
-i\frac{8}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^3+Y_3^{-3})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{201}\propto \left\{2\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{3}}\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}Y_1^0
+\frac{4}{5}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}Y_3^0
-2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(Y_3^2+Y_3^{-2})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
&\varphi_{111}\propto \left\{i\sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}}\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}(-Y_3^2+Y_3^{-2})\right\}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\\
);

のように、
&math(\left(1-\frac{2}{5}\frac{r^2}{r_0^2}\right)\frac{r}{r_0}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_1^m); と、
&math(\frac{r^3}{r_0^3}e^{-\frac{r^2}{2r_0^2}}\,Y_3^m); との線形結合で &math(\varphi_{abc}); を表せる。

#collapsible(検算)
 LANG:mathematica
 Y[l_, m_] := SphericalHarmonicY[l, m, \[Theta], \[Phi]]
 \[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] - 2/3 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^3 == -(1/ 3) (2 Sqrt[\[Pi]/35] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -3] - Y[3, 3])) + 2/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -1] - Y[3, 1]) + Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/ 3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) \[Xi] (Y[1, -1] - Y[1, 1]) // FullSimplify
 \[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] - 2/3 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^3 == -(1/ 3) (2 Sqrt[\[Pi]/35] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -3] - Y[3, 3])) + 2/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -1] - Y[3, 1]) + Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/ 3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) \[Xi] (Y[1, -1] - Y[1, 1]) // FullSimplify
 \[Xi] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] - 2/3 (\[Xi] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^3 == I 2/3 Sqrt[\[Pi]/35] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -3] + Y[3, 3]) + I 2/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^3 (Y[3, -1] + Y[3, 1]) + I Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/ 3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) \[Xi] (Y[1, -1] + Y[1, 1]) // FullSimplify
 \[Xi] Cos[\[Theta]] - 2/3 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Theta]])^3 == 2 Sqrt[ \[Pi]/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) \[Xi] (Y[1, 0]) - 8/15 Sqrt[\[Pi]/7] \[Xi]^3 Y[3, 0] // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2) Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] == I Sqrt[( 2 \[Pi])/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (Y[1, 1] + Y[1, -1]) + I 2/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 1] + Y[3, -1]) - I 2/1 Sqrt[\[Pi]/35] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 3] + Y[3, -3]) // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2) Cos[\[Theta]] == 2 Sqrt[ \[Pi]/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (Y[1, 0]) + 4/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/7] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 0]) + 2/1 Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/105] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 2] + Y[3, -2]) // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Theta]])^2) Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] == Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (-Y[1, 1] + Y[1, -1]) - 8/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^2 (-Y[3, 1] + Y[3, -1]) // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2) Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] == Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (-Y[1, 1] + Y[1, -1]) + 2/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^2 (-Y[3, 1] + Y[3, -1]) + 2/1 Sqrt[\[Pi]/35] \[Xi]^2 (-Y[3, 3] + Y[3, -3]) // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Theta]])^2) Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]] == I Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (Y[1, 1] + Y[1, -1]) - (I 8)/ 5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/21] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 1] + Y[3, -1]) // FullSimplify
 (1 - 2 (\[Xi] Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]])^2) Cos[\[Theta]] == 2 Sqrt[ \[Pi]/3] (1 - (2 \[Xi]^2)/5) (Y[1, 0]) + 4/5 Sqrt[\[Pi]/7] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 0]) - 2/1 Sqrt[(2 \[Pi])/105] \[Xi]^2 (Y[3, 2] + Y[3, -2]) // FullSimplify
 Cos[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Phi]] Sin[\[Theta]]^2 Cos[\[Theta]] == I Sqrt[( 2 \[Pi])/105] (-Y[3, 2] + Y[3, -2]) // FullSimplify

&math(
\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta-\frac{2}{3} (\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta)^3&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}-Y_{1}^{1}) \xi
+\frac{2}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}-Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^3
-\frac{2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}} \xi^3 (Y_{3}^{-3}-Y_{3}^{3})
\\
\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta-\frac{2}{3} (\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta)^3&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}-Y_{1}^{1}) \xi
+\frac{2}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}-Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^3
-\frac{2}{3} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}} \xi^3 (Y_{3}^{-3}-Y_{3}^{3})
\\
\xi \sin \phi \sin \theta-\frac{2}{3} (\xi \sin \phi \sin \theta)^3&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) i \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}+Y_{1}^{1}) \xi
+\frac{2}{5} i \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}+Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^3
+\frac{2}{3} i \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}} (Y_{3}^{-3}+Y_{3}^{3}) \xi^3
\\
\xi \cos \theta-\frac{2}{3} (\xi \cos \theta)^3&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{3}} Y_{1}^{0} \xi
-\frac{8}{15} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}} Y_{3}^{0} \xi^3
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta)^2\right) \sin \phi \sin \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) i \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}+Y_{1}^{1})
+\frac{2}{5} i \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}+Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^2
-i 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}} (Y_{3}^{-3}+Y_{3}^{3}) \xi^2
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \sin \phi \sin \theta)^2\right) \cos \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{3}} Y_{1}^{0}
+2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}} (Y_{3}^{-2}+Y_{3}^{2}) \xi^2
+\frac{4}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}} Y_{3}^{0} \xi^2
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \cos \theta)^2\right) \cos \phi \sin \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}-Y_{1}^{1})
-\frac{8}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}-Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^2
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \sin \phi \sin \theta)^2\right) \cos \phi \sin \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}-Y_{1}^{1})
+2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{35}} (Y_{3}^{-3}-Y_{3}^{3}) \xi^2
+\frac{2}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}-Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^2
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \cos \theta)^2\right) \sin \phi \sin \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) i \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{3}} (Y_{1}^{-1}+Y_{1}^{1})
-i\frac{8}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{21}} (Y_{3}^{-1}+Y_{3}^{1}) \xi^2
\\
\left(1-2 (\xi \cos \phi \sin \theta)^2\right) \cos \theta&=
\left(1-\frac{2 \xi^2}{5}\right) 2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{3}} Y_{1}^{0}
-2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}} (Y_{3}^{-2}+Y_{3}^{2}) \xi^2
+\frac{4}{5} \sqrt{\frac{\pi }{7}} Y_{3}^{0} \xi^2
\\
\cos \phi \sin \phi \sin ^2\theta \cos \theta&=
i \sqrt{\frac{2 \pi }{105}} (Y_{3}^{-2}-Y_{3}^{2})
\\
);
#collapsible

* 解答 [#ne558c03]

(1)

&math(
&-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^2}{dr^2}rR(r)+
\left\{\frac{1}{2}Kr^2+\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right\}
rR(r)=\varepsilon rR(r)\\
&-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{d^2}{dr^2}\underbrace{rR(r)}_{X(\xi)}+
\left\{\frac{1}{2}m\omega^2r^2+\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\frac{l(l+1)}{r^2}\right\}
rR(r)=\varepsilon rR(r)\\
&-\frac{\hbar\omega}{2}\frac{d^2}{d\xi^2}X(\xi)+
\left\{\frac{1}{2}\hbar\omega\xi^2+\frac{\hbar\omega}{2}\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right\}
X(\xi)=\varepsilon X(\xi)\\
&-\frac{d^2}{d\xi^2}X(\xi)+
\left\{\xi^2+\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right\}
X(\xi)=\frac{2\varepsilon}{\hbar\omega} X(\xi)\\
&-\frac{X''(\xi)}{X(\xi)}+\xi^2+\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}=\frac{2\varepsilon}{\hbar\omega}\\
);

(3)

&math(
&-\left(\xi^{l+1}-\frac{2}{2(l+1)+1}\xi^{l+3}\right)e^{-\xi^2/2}\\
&=\left\{
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+3)-\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right)\xi^{l+1}-
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{(l+2)(l+3)}{\xi^2}\right)\frac{2}{2l+3}\xi^{l+3}\right\}e^{-\xi^2/2}\\
&=\left\{
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right)\xi^{l+1}-
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{l^2+5l+6-2(2l+3)}{\xi^2}\right)\frac{2}{2l+3}\xi^{l+3}\right\}e^{-\xi^2/2}\\
&=\left\{
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right)\xi^{l+1}-
\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right)\frac{2}{2l+3}\xi^{l+3}\right\}e^{-\xi^2/2}\\
&=\left(-\xi^2+(2l+7)-\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^2}\right)\left(
\xi^{l+1}-\frac{2}{2l+3}\xi^{l+3}\right)e^{-\xi^2/2}\\
);

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