ブログ的なもの作り-投稿・表示・編集 のバックアップ(No.3)

更新


プログラミング/svelte

ブログ的なものを作ってみる

データベースの準備

編集履歴をすべて残すため、記事が書き換えられた場合にも新しいレコードを追加するのみ。

  • 古いレコードの newRevisionId に新しいレコードの id を持たせる
    • newRevisionId != null の記事は古いものということ
  • 削除済みの記事には deletedAt に日付が入る

prisma/schema.prisma

  model User {
    ...

    roles         Role[]
+   articles      Article[]
  }
  ...

+ model Article {
+   id Int @id @default(autoincrement())
+   author User @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id]) 
+   authorId String @map("author_id")
+   title String
+   body String
+   newRevisionId Int? @unique @map("new_revision_id")
+   oldRevision Article? @relation("ArticleRevision", fields: [newRevisionId], references: [id])
+   newRevision Article? @relation("ArticleRevision")
+   createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+   deletedAt DateTime? @map("deleted_at")
+   attachments Attachment[]
+ 
+   @@index([deletedAt, title, createdAt])
+   @@index([newRevisionId, deletedAt, title])
+   @@index([newRevisionId, deletedAt, createdAt])
+ }
+ 
+ model Attachment {
+   id String @ id @default(uuid())
+   article Article @relation(fields: [articleId], references: [id])
+   articleId Int
+   body Bytes
+   createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+   modifiedAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("modified_at")
+ 
+   @@index([articleId])
+ }

newRevisionId がなく deletedAt もないものが最新の記事ということになる

newRevision の投稿時に Attachment をどのように引き継ぐかが問題?

どうせ表示の時にしか必要にならないので、表示の際に古いものも含めて全部列挙すればそれでよいかも?

LANG: console
$ pnpm prisma migrate dev --name "add Article and Attachment tables"
 Environment variables loaded from .env
 Prisma schema loaded from prisma\schema.prisma
 Datasource "db": SQLite database "dev.db" at "file:./dev.db"
 
 Applying migration `20231130003510_add_article_and_attachment_tables`
 
 The following migration(s) have been created and applied from new schema changes:
 
 migrations/
   └─ 20231130003510_add_article_and_attachment_tables/
     └─ migration.sql
 
 Your database is now in sync with your schema.
 
 ✔ Generated Prisma Client (v5.6.0) to .\node_modules\.pnpm\@prisma+client@5.6.0_prisma@5.6.0\node_modules\@prisma\client in 199ms

routes

  • 投稿 /articles/(loggedIn)/new
  • 一覧表示 /articles
  • 記事表示 /articles/[...titleOrId]
  • 編集 /articles/[id]/(loggedIn)/edit
  • 削除 /articles/[id]/(loggedIn)/delete

投稿画面

新たに TextArea を作成した。

src/lib/components/TextArea.svelte

LANG: ts
<script lang="ts">
  import type { Writable } from 'svelte/store';

  export let name: string;
  export let label: string;
  export let labelAlt: string = '';
  export let value: string;
  export let disabled = false;
  export let errors: Writable<{}> | undefined = undefined;
  export let props: svelteHTML.IntrinsicElements['textarea'] | undefined = undefined;

  let key = name as keyof typeof errors;
</script>

<div class="form-control w-full">
  <label for={name} class="label">
    <span class="label-text">{label}</span>
    {#if labelAlt}<span class="label-text-alt">{labelAlt}</span>{/if}
  </label>
  <textarea
    {...{ name, ...props }}
    bind:value
    {disabled}
    on:input
    class="w-full textarea textarea-bordered textarea-primary"
    class:input-error={errors && $errors && $errors[key]}
  />
  {#if errors && $errors && $errors[key]}
    <label class="label" for={name}>
      <span class="label-text-alt text-error">{$errors[key]}</span>
    </label>
  {/if}
</div>

後で見た目をもっと凝ったものにしたいけど今はこれで。

src/routes/articles/(login)/new/+page.svelte

LANG: html
<script lang="ts">
  import type { PageData } from './$types';
  import { superForm } from 'sveltekit-superforms/client';
  import Form from '$lib/components/Form.svelte';
  import InputText from '$lib/components/InputText.svelte';
  import TextArea from '$lib/components/TextArea.svelte';
  import Button from '$lib/components/Button.svelte';

  export let data: PageData;
  const { form, message, errors, submitting, capture, restore, enhance } = superForm(data.form, {
    taintedMessage: false
  });
  export const snapshot = { capture, restore };
</script>

<div><h1>記事の投稿</h1>
  <Form message={$message} {enhance}>
    <InputText name="title" label="タイトル" bind:value={$form.title} disabled={$submitting} {errors} />

    <TextArea name="body" label="本文" bind:value={$form.body} disabled={$submitting} {errors} 
      props={{style: 'height: 30em; overflow-y: scroll'}}/>

    <Button disabled={$submitting}>記事を投稿</Button>
    <div>
      <!-- svelte-ignore a11y-invalid-attribute -->
      <a class="link" href="javascript:history.back()">トップへ戻る</a>
    </div>
  </Form>
</div>

src/lib/zod/articles/new.ts

LANG: ts
import { z } from 'zod';

export const schema = z.object({
  title: z.string().regex(/[^0-9]/, {
    message: 'タイトルが空あるいは数値のページは作成できません'
  }),
  body: z.string(),
})

タイトルと本文と作者を設定してレコードを作成する。

src/routes/articles/(login)/new/+page.server.ts

LANG: ts
import type { Actions, PageServerLoad } from './$types';
import { schema } from '$lib/zod/articles/new';
import { superValidate } from 'sveltekit-superforms/server';
import { fail, redirect } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import { setFlash } from 'sveltekit-flash-message/server';
import { path } from '$lib/server';
import { db } from '$lib/server/db';

export const load = (async () => {
  const form = await superValidate(schema);
  return { form };
}) satisfies PageServerLoad;

export const actions = {
  default: async (event) => {
    // フォームデータのバリデーション
    const form = await superValidate(event, schema);
    if (await db.article.findFirst({ where: { title: form.data.title } })) {
      addErrorToForm(form, 'title', '既存のページと重複しています');
    }
    if (!form.valid) {
      return fail(400, { form });
    }

    // 記事を投稿する
    const article = await db.article.create({
      data: {
        authorId: event.locals.session!.user.userId,
        ...form.data,
      },
    });

    setFlash({ type: 'success', message: '記事を投稿しました' }, event);
    throw redirect(302, path(article));
  },
} satisfies Actions;

記事の表示

src/routes/articles/[...titleOrId]/+page.server.ts

LANG: ts
import type { PageServerLoad } from './$types';
import { error, redirect } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import { path } from '$lib/server';

import { db } from '$lib/server/db';

export const load = (async (event) => {
  if (event.params.titleOrId.match(/^\d+$/)) {
    // 数値で指定なら該当記事にリダイレクト
    const article = await db.newestArticle(Number(event.params.titleOrId));
    if (!article) throw error(404);
    throw redirect(302, path(article));
  }
  // タイトルで指定
  const article = await db.article.findFirst({
    where: {
      deletedAt: null,
      title: decodeURI(event.params.titleOrId),
    },
    orderBy: {
      createdAt: 'desc',
    },
    include: { author: true },
  });
  if (!article) throw error(404);

  // 最新版があればリダイレクト
  const newest = await db.newestArticle(article);
  if (newest?.id != article.id) {
    throw redirect(302, path(newest!));
  }
  return { article };
}) satisfies PageServerLoad;

とりあえず <pre></pre> にソーステキストをそのまま貼ってみる。

src/routes/articles/[...titleOrId]/+page.svelte

LANG: html
<script lang="ts">
  import type { PageData } from './$types';

  export let data: PageData;
</script>

<article class="prose p-4">
  <h1>{data.article.title}</h1>
  <pre>
    {data.article.body}
  </pre>
</article>

markdown を解釈

さしあたり marked, highlight, katex を入れてみる。

LANG: console
$ npm install marked highlight.js katex
Packages: +4
++++
Progress: resolved 383, reused 359, downloaded 1, added 4, done
 
dependencies:
+ highlight.js ^11.9.0
+ katex ^0.16.9
+ marked ^10.0.0

Done in 3s
$ npm i --save-dev @types/katex
Packages: +1
+
Progress: resolved 384, reused 361, downloaded 0, added 1, done

devDependencies:
+ @types/katex 0.16.7

Done in 9.1s

src/routes/articles/+page.svelte

    ...

+   import { afterUpdate } from 'svelte';
+   import { marked } from 'marked';
+   import hljs from 'highlight.js';
+   import renderMathInElement from 'katex/contrib/auto-render';
  
    export let data: PageData;
+   let article: HTMLElement;
+
+   afterUpdate(()=>{
+     console.log('rendering...', articles);
+     renderMathInElement(articles, {
+       // customised options
+       // • auto-render specific keys, e.g.:
+       delimiters: [
+           {left: '$$', right: '$$', display: true},
+           {left: '$', right: '$', display: false},
+           {left: '\\(', right: '\\)', display: false},
+           {left: '\\[', right: '\\]', display: true}
+       ],
+       // • rendering keys, e.g.:
+       throwOnError : false
+     });
+     hljs.highlightAll();
+   })
  
  </script>
  ...

-         {article.body}
+         {@html marked.parse(article.body)}

css を読み込む

node_modules に含まれるものは、

src/routes/articles/+page.svelte

  <script>
+   import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css';
+   import 'highlight.js/styles/arduino-light.min.css';

のように import すればいいらしい。

tailwind を使うときは、

src/routes/articles/+page.svelte

+ <style lang="postcss">
+   article :global(h1) {
+     @apply text-3xl font-bold;
+   }
+ </style>

みたいに style に lang="postcss" をつける。

Artile を切り出す

highlight.js によるマークアップが結構大変なのでそれも切り出す。

src/lib/components/Article.svelte

LANG: html
<script lang="ts">
  import { afterUpdate } from 'svelte';
  import { marked } from 'marked';
  import renderMathInElement from 'katex/contrib/auto-render';
  import { codeRenderer } from '$lib/markedCodeRenderer';
  import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css';
  import 'highlight.js/styles/arduino-light.min.css';

  import type { Article, AuthUser } from '@prisma/client'
  export let article: Article & {author: AuthUser};

  let element: HTMLElement;
  afterUpdate(()=>{
    renderMathInElement(element, {
      // customised options
      // • auto-render specific keys, e.g.:
      delimiters: [
          {left: '$$', right: '$$', display: true},
          {left: '$', right: '$', display: false},
          {left: '\\(', right: '\\)', display: false},
          {left: '\\[', right: '\\]', display: true}
      ],
      // • rendering keys, e.g.:
      throwOnError : false,
    });
  })

  // code ブロックの処理を追加
  const renderer = new marked.Renderer();
  renderer.code = codeRenderer;
  const originalHeadingRenderer = renderer.heading;
  renderer.heading = (text: string, level: number, raw: string) => 
    originalHeadingRenderer(text, level + 1, raw);  // 1つレベルを下げる
  marked.setOptions({ renderer });

  function convert(body: string) {
    return marked.parse(body);
  }

</script>

<article class="article" bind:this={ element }>
  <h1>{article.title}</h1>
  <div><span>{article.author.name}</span> <span>{article.createdAt.toLocaleString()}</span></div>
  <div>
    {@html convert(article.body)}
  </div>
</article>

<style lang="postcss">
  article :global(h1) {
    @apply text-2xl font-bold;
  }
  article :global(h2) {
    @apply text-xl font-bold;
  }
  article :global(h3) {
    @apply text-lg font-bold;
  }
  article :global(ul) {
    @apply list-disc;
    margin-left: 2em;
  }
  article :global(ol) {
    @apply list-decimal;
    margin-left: 2em;
  }
</style>

src/lib/markedCodeRenderer.ts

LANG: ts
import hljs from 'highlight.js';

// code を言語 lang として highlight する
const highlight = function (code: string, lang?: string) {
  if (lang) {
    return hljs.highlight(code, { language: lang, ignoreIllegals: true }).value;
  } else {
    return hljs.highlightAuto(code).value;
  }
};

// highlight.js の言語名あるいはエイリアス名から正式な言語名を調べる

const aliasToLang: { [alias: string]: string } = {};
hljs.listLanguages().forEach((name) => {
  const lang = hljs.getLanguage(name);
  aliasToLang[name] = name;
  lang?.aliases?.forEach((alias) => {
    aliasToLang[alias] = name;
  });
});

// HTML の特殊文字をエスケープ
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1787322/what-is-the-htmlspecialchars-equivalent-in-javascript
function escapeHtml(text: string) {
  const map = { '&': '&amp;', '<': '&lt;', '>': '&gt;', '"': '&quot;', "'": '&#039;' };
  return text.replace(/[&<>"']/g, (c) => map[c as keyof typeof map]);
}

// code ブロックをレンダリングする
const codeRenderer = (code: string, fileInfo = '', escaped: boolean) => {
  const info = fileInfo.split(':');
  if (info[0]) {
    if (!aliasToLang[info[0]]) {
      const ext = info[0].split('.').findLast(() => true);
      if (ext && aliasToLang[ext]) {
        // 拡張子
        info.unshift(aliasToLang[ext]);
      } else {
        // 言語指定なし
        info.unshift('');
      }
    } else {
      info[0] = aliasToLang[info[0]];
    }
  }
  const [lang, fileName] = [...info, '', ''];

  const out = highlight(code, lang);
  if (out != null && out !== code) {
    escaped = true;
    code = out;
  }

  const fileTag = fileName ? `<span class="filename">${escapeHtml(fileName)}</span>` : '';
  const langClass = lang ? ` language-${escapeHtml(lang)}` : '';

  return (
    `<pre>${fileTag}<code class="hljs${langClass}">` +
    (escaped === false ? escapeHtml(code) : code) +
    '\n</code></pre>'
  );
};

export { codeRenderer };

使う方はとてもすっきりする

src/routes/articles/+page.svelte

LANG: html
<script lang="ts">
  import type { PageData } from './$types';
  import Article from '$lib/components/Article.svelte';
  export let data: PageData;
</script>

<div><h1>最新の記事</h1>
  <div class="articles">
    {#each data.articles as article}
      <Article { article } />
    {/each}
  </div>
</div>

highlight.js より prismjs というのが良いのかも?

最近は prismjs の方が人気がありそうかも?
https://npmtrends.com/highlight.js-vs-prismjs

特に diff 表示ができるのはうれしい:
https://qiita.com/suin/items/0303f5f121d836061bc8

svelte には対応していない
https://prismjs.com/index.html#supported-languages

まあ diff 表示は自分でやっても良いんだよね・・・


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