量子力学Ⅰ/球面調和関数/メモ のバックアップ差分(No.4)

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  • 追加された行はこの色です。
  • 削除された行はこの色です。
#mathjax

* 形状 [#la277f49]

位相を色分けする
 LANG:mathematica
 With[{lmax=5},
   Table[
     If[Abs[m]<=l,
       SphericalPlot3D[Abs[
           SphericalHarmonicY[l, m, t, p] 2
         ], {t, 0, Pi}, {p, 0, 2 Pi}, 
         PlotRange -> {{-1, 1}, {-1, 1}, {-1.5, 1.5}},
         BoxRatios->{1,1,1.5}, PlotPoints->30,
         Axes->False, Boxed->False, Mesh->False,
         ColorFunctionScaling -> False, 
         ColorFunction -> Function[{x,y,z,t,p,r},
           Blend[{Blue,Yellow},
             (Cos[Arg[SphericalHarmonicY[l, m, t, p]]]+1)/2]]
       ],
       Null
     ],
     {l, 0, lmax},
     {m, 0, lmax}
   ]
 ]//GraphicsGrid[#,AspectRatio->1.5]&

実数版
 LANG:mathematica
 With[{
     lmax=5,
     F := Function[{l,m,t,p}, 
            If[ 
              m==0,
              SphericalHarmonicY[l, 0, t, p],
              SphericalHarmonicY[l, Abs[m], t, p]/Sqrt[2] + 
                If[m<0,-1,1] (-1)^m SphericalHarmonicY[l, -Abs[m], t, p]/Sqrt[2]
            ] If[m<0,-I,1]]
   },
   Table[
     If[Abs[m]<=l,
       SphericalPlot3D[2 Abs[F[l,m,t,p]], {t, 0, Pi}, {p, 0, 2 Pi}, 
         PlotRange -> {{-1.2, 1.2}, {-1.2, 1.2}, {-1.8, 1.8}},
         BoxRatios->{1,1,1.5}, PlotPoints->30,
         Axes->False, Boxed->False, Mesh->False,
         ColorFunctionScaling -> False, 
         ColorFunction -> Function[{x,y,z,t,p,r},
           Blend[{Blue,Yellow},
             (Cos[Arg[F[l, m, t, p]]]+1)/2]]
       ] // Evaluate,
       Null
     ],
     {l, 0, lmax},
     {m, -lmax, lmax}
   ]
 ] // GraphicsGrid[#, AspectRatio->1.5] &

符号の反転する理由

 LANG:mathematica
 Plot[Sin[x], {x, -3 Pi, 3 Pi}, PlotLegends -> "Expressions", PlotPoints->500,ColorFunctionScaling->False, ColorFunction->Function[{x,y},If[y>0,Blue,Red]],ImageSize->Large,AspectRatio->0.5]
 Plot[Abs[Sin[x]], {x, -3 Pi, 3 Pi}, PlotLegends -> "Expressions", PlotPoints->500,ColorFunctionScaling->False, ColorFunction->Function[{x,y},If[Sin[x]>0,Blue,Red]],ImageSize->Large,AspectRatio->0.5]
 Plot[Sin[x], {x, -3 Pi, 3 Pi}, PlotLegends -> "Expressions", PlotPoints->500,ColorFunctionScaling->False, ColorFunction->Function[{x,y},If[y>0,Blue//Darker,Red//Lighter]],ImageSize->Large,AspectRatio->0.3,PlotStyle->Thick,Filling->Axis]
 Plot[Abs[Sin[x]], {x, -3 Pi, 3 Pi}, PlotLegends -> "Expressions", PlotPoints->500,ColorFunctionScaling->False, ColorFunction->Function[{x,y},If[Sin[x]>0,Blue//Darker,Red//Lighter]],ImageSize->Large,AspectRatio->0.15,PlotStyle->Thick,Filling->Axis]
 

* 解答：$m$ に関する漸化式 [#k309d54e]

(1)

　&math(
l_\pm Y_l{}^{\pm l}(\theta,\phi) 
&\propto \hbar e^{\pm i\phi}
\Big(\pm\frac{\PD}{\PD\theta}+\frac{i}{\tan\theta}\frac{\PD}{\PD\phi}\Big)
\sin^l\theta e^{\pm il\phi}\\
&=\hbar e^{\pm i(l+1)\phi}
\Big\{\pm(l\sin^{l-1}\theta\cos\theta)+\frac{i\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}\cdot(\pm il\sin^l\theta)\Big\}\\
&=\hbar e^{\pm i(l+1)\phi}\Big(\pm l\sin^{l-1}\theta\cos\theta\mp l\sin^{l-1}\theta\cos\theta\Big)\\
&= 0
);

(2)

　&math(
&\hat l_-\hat l_+Y_l{}^{m}(\theta,\phi)=\hat l_-\hbar\sqrt{(l-m)(l+m+1)}Y_l{}^{m+1}
=\hbar^2(l+m+1)(l-m)Y_l{}^m\\
&\hat l_+\hat l_-Y_l{}^{m}(\theta,\phi)=\hat l_+\hbar\sqrt{(l+m)(l-m+1)}Y_l{}^{m-1}
=\hbar^2(l+m)(l-m+1)Y_l{}^{m}\\
);

(3)

　&math(
\hat l_x^2+\hat l_y^2
&=\frac{1}{2}\left\{ (\hat l_x+i\hat l_y)(\hat l_x-i\hat l_y)+(\hat l_x-i\hat l_y)(\hat l_x+i\hat l_y)\right\}\\
&=\frac{1}{2}\left\{ \hat l_+\hat l_-+\hat l_-\hat l_+\right\}\\
);

(4)

　&math(
\langle \hat l_x^2+\hat l_y^2\rangle
&=\frac{\hbar^2}{2}\big\{(l+m+1)(l-m)+(l+m)(l-m+1)\big\}\\
&=\hbar^2(l^2-m^2+l)\\
);
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